--- title: "Figures_risk_taking" author: "Lysanne te Brinke" date: "29-4-2022" output: html_document --- # Load Dependencies ```{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE} library(haven) library(ggplot2) library(ggpubr) library(tidyr) ``` #Load Data ```{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE} Risk1 <- read_sav("~/surfdrive/Papers/Frontiers_risk taking/Paper_v4/Analyses_v4_def/Ristaking_figuresR.sav") ``` #Save the Datasets that are Used ```{r, echo=FALSE,message=FALSE} risk1_long <- gather(Risk1,target, value, Pos_peers:Pos_elderly, factor_key = TRUE) risk1_long <- risk1_long[order(risk1_long$PPN,risk1_long$target),] societal_long <- gather(Risk1,target, value, Prosocial_need:Prosocial_opportunity, factor_key = TRUE) societal_long <- societal_long[order(societal_long$PPN,societal_long$target),] ``` **Figure 3** *Linear Age Effects on Sensation Seeking (Panel A), General Positive Risk-taking (Panel B), and Positive Risk-Taking to Peers versus Elderly (i.e., Non-Adherence to Social Distancing and Contract Restriction), with Larger Differences between Peers and Elderly being Indicative of higher Positive Risk-taking (Panel C)* ```{r, message=FALSE} Fig_3A <- ggplot(Risk1,aes(AgeC,Sensation_seek))+ geom_point(shape=1)+ geom_point(color="black")+ geom_smooth(method=lm, color="black")+ xlab("Age")+ ylab("Sensation Seeking")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12)) print(Fig_3A) Fig_3B <- ggplot(Risk1,aes(AgeC,Positive_risk))+ geom_point(shape=1)+ geom_point(color="black")+ geom_smooth(method=lm, color="black")+ xlab("Age")+ ylab("Positive Risk-taking (Combined)")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12)) print(Fig_3B) Fig_3C <- ggplot(risk1_long,(aes(x=AgeC, y=value, color=target)))+ geom_point()+ geom_smooth(method="lm")+ labs(x="Age", y="Positive Risk-taking (Peers vs. Elderly)")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.9, .15), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Peers", "Elderly"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Peers", "Elderly")) print(Fig_3C) ggarrange(Fig_3A, Fig_3B, Fig_3C,align = "h", labels = c("", "", ""), ncol = 3, nrow = 1) ggsave("Figure_3.jpg", width = 13, height = 4, units = "in", dpi = 300) ``` **Figure 4** *Association Between Sensation Seeking and Non-adherence to Covid-19 Measures (Social Distancing and Contract Restriction), with Larger Differences between Peers and Elderly being Indicative of Positive Socially Accepted Risk-taking* ```{r} Fig_4A <- ggplot(risk1_long,(aes(x=Sensation_seek, y=value, color=target)))+ geom_point()+ geom_smooth(method="lm")+ labs(x="Sensation Seeking", y="Positive Risk-taking (Peers vs. Elderly)")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.9, .15), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Peers", "Elderly"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Peers", "Elderly")) print(Fig_4A) ggsave("Figure_4.jpg", width = 5, height = 4, units = "in", dpi = 300) ``` **Figure 5** *Linear Age Effects on Life Satisfaction during Covid-19 (Panel A) and Quadratic Age Effects on Need and Opportunities for Societal Contribution during Covid-19* ```{r} Fig_5A <- ggplot(Risk1,aes(AgeC,Life_satisfaction))+ geom_point(shape=1)+ geom_point(color="black")+ geom_smooth(method=lm, color="black")+ xlab("Age")+ ylab("Life Satisfaction")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12)) print(Fig_5A) Fig_5Breview <- ggplot(societal_long, aes(x=AgeC, y=value, color=target)) + geom_smooth(method=lm, formula= y ~ poly(x, 2), aes(fill=target)) + theme_bw()+ xlab("Age")+ ylab("Societal Contribution") + theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.9, .15), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity")) print(Fig_5Breview) ggarrange(Fig_5A, Fig_5B, align = "h", labels = c("", ""), ncol = 2, nrow = 1) ggsave("Figure_5.jpg", width = 10, height = 4, units = "in", dpi = 300) ``` **Figure 6** *Sensation Seeking (Panel A) and Negative Risk-taking (Panel B) as Predictors of the Need to and Opportunities of Societal Contribution during Covid-19* ```{r} Fig_6A <- ggplot(societal_long, aes(x=Sensation_seek, y=value, color=target)) + geom_point()+ geom_smooth(method="lm")+ xlab("Sensation Seeking")+ ylab("Societal Contribution") + theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.8, .12), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity")) print(Fig_6A) Fig_6B <- ggplot(societal_long, aes(x=Negative_risk, y=value, color=target)) + geom_point()+ geom_smooth(method="lm")+ xlab("Negative Risk-taking")+ ylab("Societal Contribution") + theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.8, .12), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity")) print(Fig_6B) ggarrange(Fig_6A, Fig_6B, align = "h", labels = c("", ""), ncol = 2, nrow = 1) ggsave("Figure_6.jpg", width = 10, height = 4, units = "in", dpi = 300) ``` **Figure 7** *Negative Risk-taking (Panel A), Societal Contribution (Panel B), and Sensation Seeking as Predictors of Life Satisfaction during Covid-19* ```{r} Fig_7A <- ggplot(Risk1,aes(Negative_risk,Life_satisfaction))+ geom_point(shape=1)+ geom_point(color="black")+ geom_smooth(method=lm, color="black")+ xlab("Negative Risk-taking")+ ylab("Life Satisfaction")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12)) print(Fig_7A) Fig_7B <- ggplot(societal_long, aes(y=Life_satisfaction, x=value, color=target)) + geom_point()+ geom_smooth(method="lm")+ ylab("Life Satisfaction")+ xlab("Societal Contribution") + theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12), legend.title = element_blank(), legend.position = c(.8, .12), legend.box.background = element_rect (color="black", size=0.5))+ scale_color_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity"))+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("#295384", "#74c8c3"), labels = c("Need", "Opportunity")) print(Fig_7B) Fig_7C <- ggplot(Risk1,aes(Sensation_seek,Life_satisfaction))+ geom_point(shape=1)+ geom_point(color="black")+ geom_smooth(method=lm, color="black")+ xlab("Sensation Seeking")+ ylab("Life Satisfaction")+ theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(), axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12), axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12)) print(Fig_7C) ggarrange(Fig_7A, Fig_7B, Fig_7C, align = "h", labels = c("", "", ""), ncol = 3, nrow = 1) ggsave("Figure_7.jpg", width = 13, height = 4, units = "in", dpi = 300) ```